A Bayesian justification of Cox's partial likelihood

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Abstract
In this paper, we establish both naive and formal Bayesian justifications of Cox's (1975) partial likelihood and its various modifications. We extend the original work of Kalbfieisch (1978), who showed that the partial likelihood is a limiting marginal posterior under noninformative priors for baseline hazards. We extend the result to scenarios with time‐dependent covariates and time‐varying regression parameters. We establish results for continuous time as well as grouped survival data. In addition, we present a Bayesian justification of a modified partial likelihood for handling ties. We also present tools for simplification of the Gibbs sampling algorithm for implementing partial likelihood based Bayesian inference in various practical applications.

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