Dipole moments of substituted 1,1-dicyanoethylenes

Abstract
The dipole moments of a number of 2-substituted 1,1-dicyanoethylenes have been measured. The moments are explained by a combination of two effects, partial charge separation and compression of the [graphic omitted] angle. From the data obtained with ω,ω-dicyanofulvenes it is concluded that in compounds (such as I and II) pseudoaromatic structures (such as Ia and IIa) contribute to the ground state of the molecules.

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