A study of the freezing of sea water

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Abstract
A Mach-Zehnder interferometer was used to study the interaction between convection currents in the sea water and the ice-water interface during freezing. The temperature at the ice-water interface during the early stages of freezing was approximately 0 °C, not the equilibrium freezing temperature. Salt plumes were observed to appear first at specific sites on the ice-water interface. This is contrary to earlier results reported by Farhadieh & Tankin (1972). The salinity profiles in the salt plumes were measured using interferograms in conjunction with Abel inversion. The maximum salinity, along the centre-line of the salt plume, is an indication of the salinity of the brine trapped within the ice.
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