Compact three-dimensional U(1) gauge theory reexamined

Convincing evidence of a nonvanishing string tension in the continuum limit of compact three-dimensional U(1) gauge theory is presented. It is based on Monte Carlo measurements of Wilson loops on a ${32}^3$ lattice at β=2.0 and 2.2. The observed string tensions at these couplings are consistent with the Polyakov theory. Also, a very clean signal of a string vibrational contribution to the potential is observed.