Systematic Errors in Double Star Observations

Abstract
We have examined the visual and speckle observations of visual double stars made by 31 experienced observers in order to evaluate possible systematic errors in these series. Using 57 “definitive” orbits, we find no appreciable errors in position angle. We do find systematic effects in separation for some observers, and, in particular, a “proximity” effect for measurements of pairs closer than 0″.5. Root-mean-square residuals are:

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