CD4+, CD8+, and CD4− CD8− T Cells in CSF and Blood of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis and Tension Headache

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Abstract
Two-colour flow cytometric analysis was performed on paired samples of peripheral blood (PB) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with untreated multiple sclerosis (MS) and, for reference, subjects with muscular tension headache (TH) using anti-CD3, anti-CD4, anti-CD8, and anti-HLA-DR monoclonal antibodies in different combinations. CD4+/CD8+ T-cell ratio was increased in CSF compared to PB in both MS patients and TH subjects to a similar extent. This was mainly due to higher CD4+ T-cell levels in the CSF compartment. The proportion of HLA-DR+ T cells was higher in CSF than PB in both MS and TH; this increase of DR+ T cells in CSF was more prominent in MS. The level of CD4+ CDS+ T cells, which represent a subset of activated T cells, was not different between CSF and PB, either in MS or in TH. The proportion of CD4− CD8− T cells, which were found generally not to be blast cells, was lower in CSF compared to PB in both patient groups. However, their CSF level was higher and their PB level lower in MS compared to TH. Results point to an accumulation of activated T-helper cells in the CSF of both MS patients and healthy subjects. Fetal-type CD4− CD8− T cells bearing the unusual T-cell receptor γ/δ seem to be selectively recruited to the CSF of MS patients.