The Racial History of Egypt and Nubia: Part II. The Racial Relationships of the Ancient and Modern Populations of Egypt and Nubia

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Abstract
Archeological studies show the existence in Egypt of a continuous culture longer than any known of any other country or people, with clear delimitation of periods, which succeed each other in a chronological system. The author made statistical analyses of data based on the abundant skeletal material of the different periods, established by archeological studies, and on living persons. He concluded that the ancient Nubian populations were variants of one physical type. From early Neolithic times there existed 2 distinct but closely related types, a northern in Middle Egypt and a southern in Upper Egypt. The southern Egyptians were distinguished from the northerners by a smaller cranial index, a larger nasal index and greater prognathism. The Upper Egyptians spread into Lower Nubia during the pre-Dynastic period. This incursion was only transitory until the 18th Dynasty. From that time on the northern type prevailed all over Egypt, as far s. as Denderah, until the end of the Roman period. In Lower Nubia some Negroid infiltration was observed during the Middle Kingdom times, but in the New Empire period the southern Egyptian type prevails again. From the New Empire period until the end of the Roman period a strong Negro influence is discernible. Study of available measurements of the modern population suggests that modern Egyptians conform more closely to the southern type. Distr. of blood groups shows no significant differences between Moslems and Copts.