Silylation Reaction of Dextran: Effect of Experimental Conditions on Silylation Yield, Regioselectivity, and Chemical Stability of Silylated Dextrans

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Abstract
The controlled synthesis of biodegradable copolymers of dextran grafted with aliphatic polyesters first requires the preparation of polysaccharide derivatives soluble in organic solvents. Silylation of dextran can thus lead to such organosoluble derivatives and allows the polymerization of cyclic esters initiated from the nonsilylated OH functions. Silylation of dextran was studied in DMSO by different reactants such as 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) in the presence of various catalysts and N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide (BSA). According to the silylating agent and the used experimental conditions, it was possible to obtain highly or totally silylated dextrans. In parallel, an investigation of the chemical stability of the dextran chain during silylation was performed. Thus, it was found that, when used at 50 °C, HMDS with or without catalysts gives a relatively high silylation yield and does not alter the dextran chain length, whereas at 80 °C, dextran degradation was observed. BSA is a very good silylating agent, which allows reaching 100% silylation even at 50 °C but provokes the degradation of the polysaccharide chains. The work was completed by a study of the reactivity order of the glucosidic OH functions toward silylation reaction. This order was found to be (OH2 > OH4 > OH3) as already reported for other reactions. 2D-NMR of highly silylated dextrans demonstrated that they are constituted of both quantitatively silylated glucose units and two types of disilylated ones.