Nonlinear Response for Time-dependent External Fields

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Abstract
We generalize nonlinear response theory for autonomous systems so that it describes the response of classical many-body systems to large time-dependent external fields. Our formalism represents the first practical application of response theory to such problems. Our expressions for the nonlinear time-dependent response are tested against nonequilibrium molecular dynamics computer simulation. The relation of our results to known special cases (time-dependent linear response and time-independent nonlinear response) is discussed.