Characterization of somatic chromosome morphology in alfalfa, Medicago sativa L.: Comparison of donor plant with regenerated protoclone.

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Abstract
Somatic chromosome studies using acetocarmine and various banding procedures were initiated on plants of Medicago sativa (2n = 4x = 32), alfalfa. Banding methodologies were not superior to a conventional acetocarmine staining procedure in specific chromosome identification. A karyotype analysis was conducted on the acetocarmine-stained chromosomes of a plant (RS-K2) selected from the Regen-S cultivar. Chromosomes were divided into eight groups according to the tetraploid nature of M. sativa. Sixteen chromosomes had metacentric centromeres, with the remaining chromosomes appearing more submetacentric. Four SAT-chromosomes were detected, and chromosomes of one group exhibited tertiary constrictions. Certain chromosome groups were indistinguishable because of similar lengths and arm ratios. A generalized chromosome classification system was developed to aid in identification of specific changes in chromosome structure and number. Comparison of the karyotypes of the donor plant with a regenerated protoclone using the chromosome classification system indicated that translocations and chromosome loss occurred in specific chromosome groups.

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