Geoid modeling using collocation in Scandinavia and Greenland

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Abstract
Collocation has been used for the construction of approximations to the anomalous gravitational potential in Scandinavia and Greenland, combining geopotential coefficients to degree and order 180, gravity anomalies, deflections of the vertical, and Doppler‐satellite and satellite‐altimeter‐derived geoid heights. The method was also simultaneously used to determine a longitude bias of the deflections corresponding to a rotation around the Earth's Z‐axis of—0.50 ± 0.26 arcsec. Approximations were also determined for test purposes without using the (approximate) geoid heights determined by satellite altimetry. Using a semi‐major axis of 6,378,136 m, the rms difference between observed and computed values was ± 0.4 m for the sea areas bordering Scandinavia up to a distance of 150 km from the coast, with an even better agreement in areas with available sea gravity data.