Childhood Neurobehavior Disinhibition Amplifies the Risk of Substance Use Disorder: Interaction of Parental History and Prenatal Alcohol Exposure

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Abstract
Objective: This investigation examined the influence of parental substance use disorder (SUD) and mother's alcohol consumption during pregnancy on neurobehavior disinhibition (ND) measured in 10- to 12-year-old children. The extent to which ND predicted SUD outcome 7 to 9 years later was also determined. Methods: SUD was documented in each parent and as the outcome variable in their 19-year-old sons. Average daily alcohol consumption during the mother's pregnancy was recorded using a structured interview. ND was assessed using indicators of behavior undercontrol, affect modulation and executive cognitive functions. Results: Paternal SUD and the interaction between maternal SUD and alcohol consumption during pregnancy predicted child's ND score. ND at 10 to 12 years of age was a significant predictor of SUD at age 19. Conclusions: The disinhibitory disturbance associated with risk of SUD has both transmissible and teratogenic causes. The ramifications of this finding for pediatric practice are discussed.

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