Rates of amino acid incorporation into particulate proteins in vivo and in slices of young and adult brain

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Abstract
Incorporation of a flooding dose of valine into brain proteins was measured in vivo and in brain slices, according to subcellular fraction and to solubility. In particulate fractions in vivo in the immature brain, soluble cytosol proteins had the highest synthesis rates (2.0% per hr), followed by microsomes (1.7%), mitochondria, nuclei (1.4%), and synaptosomes (0.85%). In adult, the rates were about half of those of immature animals except for microsomes, which were the same. In young, rates of incorporation into particles in brain slices were about 80% of in vivo rates, and adult rates were 10–20% of the in vivo rates. When brain proteins were fractionated into four groups‐isotonic soluble, hypotonic soluble, Triton X‐100 soluble, and the remainder solubilized in 0.2% SDS–in both young and adult brain in vivo, the isotonic fraction had the highest rate of protein synthesis, followed by the Triton‐soluble fraction, the SDS‐soluble fraction, and the hypotonic fraction. Also, with this method of separation in vitro rates for immature brain were 10–20% lower than in vivo rates, while in vitro adult rates were 80–90% lower. The results indicate that the most proteins are synthesized at a higher rate in the immature brain, and that the difference between in vivo and brain slice protein synthesis is not as great in the immature as in the mature brain in all the fractions examined.