Evaluation of lattice sites and valencies of manganese and iron in lead titanate ceramics by ESR and thermogravimetry
- 1 January 1974
- journal article
- Published by Taylor & Francis in Ferroelectrics
- Vol. 7 (1) , 345
- https://doi.org/10.1080/00150197408238041
Abstract
Manganese and iron oxide are well known additives to PbTiO3 ceramics providing “hard” piezoelectric materials suitable for resonator applications. Additives of trivalent metal ions (e.g. Al 3+, Ga 3+) are regarded as acceptor type dopes, which enter B-sites of the perovskite structure of PbTiO3. It is commonly assumed that the charge deficit of trivalent ions on B-sites is compensated by oxygen vacancies, which reduce the mobility of ferroelectric domain walls.Keywords
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