Peripheral nerve stimulation by induced electric currents: Exposure to time-varying magnetic fields

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Abstract
The review evaluates thresholds of peripheral nerve stimulation by complex current waveforms. A neuroelectric model employing Frankenhaeuser-Huxley membrane nonlinearities is used to derive excitation thresholds for monophasic and biphasic pulse sequences, as well as sinusoidal stimuli. The model, along with principles of magnetic field induction, is used to derive criteria of acceptability for exposure to time-varying magnetic fields. Applications to pulsed gradient fields from magnetic resonance imaging devices are discussed.