Hashish extract impairs retention of defeat-induced submissive behavior in mice

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Abstract
The effects of hashish extract on adaptive behavior of male mice were studied in a paradigm which allows the investigation of learning mechanisms in a social context. Mice of the C3H strain, which were not submissive in a confrontation with a nonaggressive DBA mouse on day 1, were defeated on day 2 over 3 min by aggressive, isolated DBA mice, and showed conditioned submissive behavior upon mere contact with a nonaggressive DBA mouse on day 3. A hashish extract containing 38.6–39.4% Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 9-THC), 11.6–12.0% cannabinol and 47.7–48.5% cannabidiol was administered orally in all experiments. Hashish extract given 90 min before defeat on day 2, in dosages corresponding to 1, 5, and 10 mg Δ 9-THC/kg, impaired retention of defensive upright, defensive sideways and immobility on day 3 (experiment 1). Experiment 2 showed that the drug (5, and 10 mg Δ 9-THC/kg) had no antinociceptive potency in mice and did not modify defeat-induced analgesia. Experiment 3, with drug (5 mg Δ 9-THC/kg) or solvent administration on day 2 and day 3, showed that the retention deficit was neither due to state-dependent learning, nor to impaired retrieval. It is suggested that hashish extract administered before learning may interfere with memory processing.