Mating Disruption of Western Pine Shoot Borer (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with Widely Spaced Releasers of Synthetic Pheromone1

Abstract
Damage of Eucosma sonomana Kearfott to Pinus ponderosa Lawson was significantly reduced (46 to 73%) by mating disruption with low seasonal dosages (3.5 to 5 g/ha) of synthetic pheromone (4:1 mix of Z-9 and E-9 dodecenyl acetates) released from widely spaced (20 to 50 m) point sources in three Oregon tests covering 225 ha. Commercially available Hereon laminated tape dispensers were as effective as laboratory-prepared polyvinyl chloride releasers