Calcium antagonists for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage
Top Cited Papers
- 18 July 2007
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Wiley in Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
- Vol. 2007 (3) , CD000277
- https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd000277.pub3
Abstract
Secondary ischaemia is a frequent cause of poor outcome in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). Its pathogenesis has been incompletely elucidated, but vasospasm probably is a contributing factor. Experimental studies have suggested that calcium antagonists can prevent or reverse vasospasm and have neuroprotective properties. To determine whether calcium antagonists improve outcome in patients with aneurysmal SAH. We searched the Cochrane Stroke Group Trials Register (last searched April 2006), MEDLINE (1966 to March 2006) and EMBASE (1980 to March 2006). We handsearched two Russian journals (1990 to 2003), and contacted trialists and pharmaceutical companies in 1995 and 1996. Randomised controlled trials comparing calcium antagonists with control, or a second calcium antagonist (magnesium sulphate) versus control in addition to another calcium antagonist (nimodipine) in both the intervention and control groups. Two review authors independently extracted the data and assessed trial quality. Trialists were contacted to obtain missing information. Sixteen trials, involving 3361 patients, were included in the review; three of the studies were of magnesium sulphate in addition to nimodipine. Overall, calcium antagonists reduced the risk of poor outcome: the relative risk (RR) was 0.81 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.72 to 0.92); the corresponding number of patients needed to treat was 19 (95% CI 1 to 51). For oral nimodipine alone the RR was 0.67 (95% CI 0.55 to 0.81), for other calcium antagonists or intravenous administration of nimodipine the results were not statistically significant. Calcium antagonists reduced the occurrence of secondary ischaemia and showed a favourable trend for case fatality. For magnesium in addition to standard treatment with nimodipine, the RR was 0.75 (95% CI 0.57 to 1.00) for a poor outcome and 0.66 (95% CI 0.45 to 0.96) for clinical signs of secondary ischaemia. Calcium antagonists reduce the risk of poor outcome and secondary ischaemia after aneurysmal SAH. The results for 'poor outcome' depend largely on a single large trial of oral nimodipine; the evidence for other calcium antagonists is inconclusive. The evidence for nimodipine is not beyond all doubt, but given the potential benefits and modest risks of this treatment, oral nimodipine is currently indicated in patients with aneurysmal SAH. Intravenous administration of calcium antagonists cannot be recommended for routine practice on the basis of the present evidence. Magnesium sulphate is a promising agent but more evidence is needed before definite conclusions can be drawn. 動脈瘤性クモ膜下出血に対するカルシウム拮抗薬 二次性虚血はしばしば、クモ膜下出血(SAH)患者におけるアウトカムの不良原因である。その病因は完全には解明されていないが、血管攣縮がおそらくひとつの寄与要因であると思われる。実験研究から、カルシウム拮抗薬は血管攣縮を予防または逆転させ、神経保護作用があることが示唆されている。 カルシウム拮抗薬によって動脈瘤性SAH患者のアウトカムが向上するか否かを判定する。 Cochrane Stroke Group Trials Register(最終検索日2006年4月)、MEDLINE(1966年~2006年3月)およびEMBASE(1980年~2006年3月)を検索した。ロシアの雑誌2誌(1990年~2003年)をハンドサーチし、1995年および1996年に試験者および製薬会社に問い合わせた。 カルシウム拮抗薬とコントロールとを比較しているランダム化比較試験、あるいは介入群およびコントロール群の両群における別のカルシウム拮抗薬(ニモジピン)に追加した第2のカルシウム拮抗薬(硫酸マグネシウム)とコントロールを比較しているランダム化比較試験。 2名のレビューアが独立にデータを抽出し、試験の質を評価した。欠落した情報を得るために、試験者に問い合わせた。 患者3361例を対象とした16件の試験を本レビューに含めた。3件の研究は、ニモジピンに追加した硫酸マグネシウムに関するものであった。全体的に、カルシウム拮抗薬はアウトカム不良リスクを低下させた。相対リスク(RR)は0.81(95%信頼区間(CI)0.72~0.92)であった。対応する患者の治療必要数(NNT)は19(95% CI 1~51)であった。経口ニモジピン単独では、RR は0.67(95% CI 0.55~0.81)であった。他のカルシウム拮抗薬またはニモジピン静脈内投与に対する結果は、統計学的に有意ではなかった。カルシウム拮抗薬によって二次性虚血の発現が低下し、症例の致死性に良好な傾向がみられた。標準的ニモジピン治療に追加したマグネシウムに関して、アウトカム不良に対するRRは0.75(95% CI 0.57~1.00)、二次性虚血の臨床的徴候に対しては0.66(95% CI 0.45~0.96)であった。...This publication has 53 references indexed in Scilit:
- Magnesium sulfate: role as possible attenuating factor in vasospasm morbiditySurgical Neurology, 2006
- Magnesium sulfate therapy after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhageJournal of Neurosurgery, 2002
- Epidemiology of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Australia and New ZealandStroke, 2000
- Case-Fatality Rates and Functional Outcome After Subarachnoid HemorrhageStroke, 1997
- Empirical evidence of bias. Dimensions of methodological quality associated with estimates of treatment effects in controlled trialsJAMA, 1995
- Nicardipine in the prevention of spasm-induced neurological deficits after subarachnoid hemorrhage: A dose-ranging studySurgical Neurology, 1992
- Cerebrovascular autoregulation is resistant to calcium channel blockade with nimodipineCellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 1989
- Therapeutic Trial of Intravenous Nimodipine in Patients with Established Cerebral Vasospasm after Rupture of Intracranial AneurysmsNeurosurgery, 1988
- Acute effects of nimodipine on the cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressuremin - Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, 1985
- Cerebral Arterial Spasm – A Controlled Trial of Nimodipine in Patients with Subarachnoid HemorrhageNew England Journal of Medicine, 1983