Improvement, Learning and Retention of Skill at Visual Search

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Abstract
Three experiments examined factors responsible for improvement in visual search. In Experiment I three groups of subjects were each trained for 3000 trials to search for a particular set of target letters among a particular set of background letters. After intervals of 2, 4, or 6 weeks without further practice they were re-tested, either with the same displays or on new displays which they searched for the same target items among new background items. Negative transfer suggested that memory for specific cue-systems distinguishing target from background letters is retained for as long as 4 weeks. Experiment II examined performance of three very highly practised subjects. After 25 days practice, variations in the size of the target set no longer affected search time. This could not be explained by learning of specific cue systems, since after this amount of practice subjects showed perfect transfer to displays which they searched for the same target items among new background items. Experiment III suggested that practised subjects achieve this high level of competence by learning to make two independent successive decisions, first to locate any member of the target set on the display and next to identify which particular member of the target set has been located.