The relationship of sanguinaria extract concentration and zinc ion to plaque and gingivitis

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Abstract
The effects of sanguinaria extract and zinc chloride on plaque growth and gingivitis inhibition were assessed on subjects with initially plaque-free tooth surfaces using a series of oral rinses in a single-blind, crossover, no-oral-hygiene study lasting 2 weeks. A placebo oral rinse containing no sanguinaria or zinc chloride (A), and test rinses containing 150 .mu.g/ml sanguinaria and 0.2% zinc chloride (B), 300 .mu.g/ml sanguinaria and no zinc chloride (C), and 300 .mu.g/ml sanguinaria and 0.2% zinc chloride (D) were evaluated. Subjects using the higher concentration rinses C and D had significantly lower plaque scores than rinse A at 7 and 14 days (p < 0.05 for C, p < 0.01 for D). However, groups C and D were not significantly different from each other. Group D had significantly lower plaque (p < 0.05) and gingivitis (p < 0.01) scores than group B. Subjects who used rinse B and placebo rinse A had the highest plaque and gingivitis scores and comparison of these two groups revealed no significant difference. At the end of 14 days, the % distribution of 0 plaque and gingivitis scores was greatest among subjects using rinses C and D. Subjects in these 2 groups also had the lowest incidence of plaque and gingivitis scores of 2+. It is concluded that the effects of sanguinaria rinses on developing plaque and gingivitis are influenced more by sanguinaria concentrations than the presence or absence of zinc, ion, but that zinc ion may provide a mild enhancement of sanguinaria effectiveness against gingivitis.