Hyperparathyroid and Hypoparathyroid Disorders

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Abstract
The four parathyroid glands, through the secretion of parathyroid hormone, regulate serum calcium concentrations and bone metabolism.1 In turn, serum calcium concentrations regulate parathyroid hormone secretion; high concentrations inhibit secretion by the parathyroid glands of parathyroid hormone and low concentrations stimulate it.2 Low or falling serum calcium concentrations act within seconds to stimulate parathyroid hormone secretion, initiated by means of a calcium-sensing receptor on the surface of the parathyroid cells.2 This receptor is a heptahelical molecule, like the receptors for light, odorants, catecholamines, and many peptide hormones.3 Parathyroid hormone secretion is 50 percent of the maximal level at a serum . . .