Insect Predators for Controlling Aphids on Potatoes. 9. Winter Survival of Coccinella Species in Field Cages Over Grassland in Northeastern Maine123

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Abstract
Over a 5-year period at Presque Isle, Maine, winter survival of Coccinella septempunctata L. in cages over undisturbed grassland averaged from 6.3 to 79.5% and probably depended upon age and condition of the beetles when placed in the cages. Minimum winter temperatures and precipitation did not appear to influence winter survival. In a similar test, 19% of the beetles survived a 2nd winter in the cages, Winter survival for 3 native species was 76.9 and 19.4% during 2 winters for the transverse lady beetle. C. transversoguttata Faldermann; 0.5% during 1 winter for the thirteenspotted lady beetle, Hippodamia tredecimpunctata (Say); and 0% during 1 winter for the convergent lady beetle, H. convergens Guérin-Méneville. There are no data to suggest that C. septempunctata has become established al Presque Isle following 5 years of release of eggs and larvae in experimental plantings of potatoes.

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