Photoperiod influences the annual reproductive cycle of the male pallid bat (Antrozous pallidus)

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Abstract
Adult pallids bats collected in April or May were maintained in short or long photoperiods (10 or 14 light/day) for 3-6 mo. In Aug. the short-day bats had regressed testes, epididymal spermatozoa and fully developed accessory sex glands, corresponding to the autumnal reproductive condition of field animals; long-day bats had testes undergoing spermatogenesis, few epididymal spermatozoa and undeveloped accessory sex glands (summer reproductive condition). Bats in each photoperiod manifested the expected autumnal reproductive pattern in Oct. Photoperiod apparently influences the reproductive physiology of male pallid bats by affecting an endogenous circannual reproductive rhythm.