Frequency dependence of remanent polarization and the correlation of piezoelectric coefficients with remanent polarization in polyvinylidene fluoride

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Abstract
Using ferroelectric hysteresis, the remanent polarization, P r, was measured at room temperature as a function of frequency and maximum electric field. The electric field was applied with a triangular wave form in the frequency range 3 × 10−3 to 4 × 102 Hz and in a maximum field range of 100 kv/cm to 2.5 Mv/cm. As a result of this data, estimates of the switching time for polarization reversal are given as a function of the applied electric field. These switching times were also measured using conventional time-domain techniques and compared with those values obtained from the frequency dependence of the remanent polarization. Measurements of the piezoelectric stress coefficient, g 31, were then made on samples with known remanent polarizations. The resulting linear correlation coefficients were compared with those obtained from a molecular dipole model.