Piezoelectricity in β-phase poly(vinylidene fluoride) having a ’’single-crystal’’ orientation

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Abstract
β‐phase PVF2 films having a ’’single‐crystal’’ orientation (single‐crystal analog) were prepared by a combination of drawing, rolling, and annealing, applied in sequence. X‐ray diffraction patterns revealed that the polar b axis was preferentially oriented normal to the surface of the film while the a and c axes were in the plane of the film, lying along two mutually orthogonal axes. Piezoelectric outputs (d13) of the films were compared with those of drawn‐only films under the same poling conditions (about 500 kV/cm) and found to be on average about 25% higher than the latter. X‐ray and dynamic mechanical data showed that the improvement depends primarily on the preferred alignment of the a and b axes in the plane normal to the draw and rolling direction.

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