Pleural liquid pressure measured by micropipettes in rabbits

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Abstract
Pleural liquid pressure (Ppl) was measured by the micropipette servo-nulling method. In anesthetized, paralyzed, and mechanically ventilated rabbits, windows were made by dissecting away the intercostal muscle layers, exposing the parietal pleura over the right caudal lung lobe. Repeated measurements of Ppl were made at the windows by puncturing the parietal pleura with micropipettes during apnea at functional residual capacity. In five supine rabbits, Ppl relative to atmospheric pressure averaged -3.32 +/- 1.22 (SD) cmH2O at a distance of 5.64 +/- 0.34 (SD) cm above the lung base and -1.64 +/- 0.79 cmH2O at a distance of 2.35 +/- 0.64 cm above the lung base; the vertical Ppl gradient was 0.51 cmH2O/cm height. Ppl interpolated to midlung height was equal in absolute magnitude to mean lung static recoil (Pst) of 2.00 cmH2O. In prone rabbits, Ppl measured near the dorsal surface, 3.9 cm above the lung base, averaged -1.32 +/- 0.46 cmH2O on the costal surface, not statistically different in magnitude from mean Pst of 1.59 +/- 0.09. In contrast, Ppl measured at the same vertical height off the edge of the caudal lung in the costo-diaphragmatic recess was -4.64 +/- 0.65 cmH2O. We concluded from these data that Ppl was equal to pleural surface pressure over the costal surface and that the vertical gradient in Ppl was not hydrostatic, except in large fluid spaces off the sharp edges of the lung.