Integrated optic biosensor for environmental monitoring

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Abstract
An integrated-optic biosensor monitors the concentration of liquid pollutants on the surface of a planar substrate composing single-mode channel waveguides. The concept uses a Mach- Zehnder interferometer structure to measure thickness and/or refractive index changes on the waveguide surface. These changes occur as pollutant molecules interact directly with the interferometer's active arm or with a hydrophobic coating on the surface of the arm. Interferometer output data were obtained for various solutions including PPM levels of benzene and toluene in water. Theoretical analysis indicated that a hydrophobic coating on the waveguide would provide sensor specificity and detect pollutants at PPB levels.

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