Dependent Virus Transmission by Rhopalosiphum padi From Mixed Infections of Various Isolates of Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus

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Abstract
R. padi rarely transmits virus from oats infected only by the MAV isolate of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), but it often transmits MAV, together with the RPV isolate, from plants doubly infected by MAV and RPV. Since previous work on this dependent virus transmission phenomenon was restricted to these 2 virus isolates, interactions of 8 additional BYDV isolates were studied as a way to assess potential relevance of dependent transmission in the field. Six isolates were from collections of oats made in 1968 in fields in New York or Illinois [USA]. From all 9 combinations of double infections made with the 3 RPV-like isolates, R. padi transmitted each of the 3 MAV-like ones. Dependent transmission of the paired isolated occurred from 76% of 193 doubly-infected oats. Two BYDV isolates from Canada were used in other experiments. One of the Canadian isolates (isolate 6524) was similar to RPV; the other (isolate 6407) was similar to MAV. In experiments in Ithaca, R. padi transmitted either MAV or 6407, together with RPV or 6524, from 81% of 89 doubly-infected plants. In Winnipeg, dependent transmission of MAV in the presence of RPV occurred in 5 of 6 cases studied; dependent transmission of isolate 6407 in the presence of isolate 6524 occurred from 3 of 6 mixed infections. In almost all tests, Macrosiphum avenae transmitted only MAV or MAV-like isolates from the mixed infections. Dependent virus transmission occurs with a range of BYDV isolates; the possibility that such virus interactions affect BYDV transmission in nature in indicated.

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