Therapeutic Embolization with Long-Term Occluding Agents and Their Effects on Embolized Tissues

Abstract
The effects of long-term occlusion of branches of the celiac and renal arteries were studied in 13 pigs, using isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate (IBC), the Gianturco-Anderson-Wallace wool coil, and Ivalon. IBC permanently occluded 2-8 cm lengths of both vessels, including their branches, so that collateral circulation was not able to preserve the tissue supplied by the occluded artery. Gastric ulcers, splenic and hepatic infarcts, and large, sterile biliary cysts were observed on postmortem examination. Permanent occlusion was observed with the wool coil and Ivalon, but the pathological results were much less deleterious. IBC is apparently presently unsafe for use in celiac artery branches.