HYDROGEOLOGIC AND ENGINEERING‐GEOLOGIC POSSIBILITIES FOR EMPLOYING THE METHOD OF INDUCED POTENTIALS

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Abstract
The method of induced potentials is applied in groundwater and certain types of engineering‐geologic investigations. Because of the complex nature of induced polarization in ion‐conducting media, the subject still has not been sufficiently studied. This phenomenon is evidently associated with the diffusion processes occurring between narrow and wide capillaries and affected by membrane potentials in the presence of clay fractions. The laboratory experiments have proved the dependence of induced potentials of sandy‐clayey media on their particle‐size distribution pattern, porosity, moisture content, interporous moisture, salinity degree, and temperature. Modeling accomplished with horizontally layered sections and lenses of fresh and saline waters has given data for analyzing polarizability behavior in heterogeneous media. Field investigations have been carried out in Central Kazakhstan, the Crimea, Mordovia, Armenia, and the Moscow area. The data obtained testify to the applicability of this method for determining the depth to groundwaters in sandy‐clayey deposits, detecting accumulations of fresh groundwaters, and specifying the position of the interfaces between fresh and saline waters. No less important is the possible utilization of a parameter for identifying rock types and characterizing the sandy‐clayey deposits. Using field examples, the authors consider the expediency of applying the IP method for investigating massive rocks and for prospecting for water in fractured and karst rocks. The IP method significantly supplements the information obtained by conventional methods and is employed in combination with them in borehole logging. In perspective, polarizability can be used as a parameter for establishing the correlative relations between geophysical, hydrological, and strength parameters of rocks.

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