A Review of Surface Segregation, Adhesion and Friction Studies Performed on Copper-Aluminum, Copper-Tin and Iron-Aluminum Alloys

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Abstract
A review of the results of Auger emission spectroscopy, low energy electron diffraction, adhesion and friction experiments on a number of alloys is presented. The alloys discussed are single crystals, oriented in the (111) direction, of Cu-10 a/o Al, Cu-5 a/o Al, Cu-1 a/o Al, Cu-1 a/o Sn and a poly-crystalline sample of Fe-10 a/o Al. In all cases the minor constituent segregated at the surface in quantities much higher than the bulk concentration, producing markedly altered adhesion and friction behavior. The observations in these studies indicate that bulk compositions should not be assumed to hold in experiments involving surfaces.