Low Yield, Light, and Ultra Light Cigarettes: Let’s Understand the Product Before We Promote

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Abstract
Low yield, light, and ultra light cigarettes have been aggressively promoted by cigarette manufacturers to help keep health-conscious smokers smoking. The industry move to lower tar cigarettes, however, has been shown to mislead consumers and promote continued smoking, rather than actually reducing risks to continuing smokers. Current consumers of low yield cigarettes need to be informed of the risks of using these products. The impressions created by advertising and marketing "safer" cigarettes needs to be met with systematic countermarketing. These campaigns and messages need to be informed by an understanding of the product. This chapter describes the Federal Trade Commission Method for testing the tar and nicotine yields of cigarettes and describes how cigarettes are constructed to produce reduced yields on smoking machines, yet high yields in the hands and mouths of smokers. Special attention will be given to issues related to ventilated-filter cigarettes. Most, if not all, cigarettes delivering less than 15 mg of tar are ventilated-filter cigarettes. This design feature allows the manufacturer to reduce tar and nicotine levels by simple manipulations (increasing filter air dilution from 0% to 80-90%). Vents can even be placed invisibly on the filters. Evidence shows that about 50% of smokers behaviorally block filter vents with their fingers or lips and thereby increase the tar and nicotine yields from these cigarettes. In the extreme, the lowest yield cigarettes (1 mg tar) can be turned into medium to high yield cigarettes (11 mg to 28 mg tar) by alterations in smoking 232behavior that include vent blocking. Proposals for and examples of promotions to counter the campaigns for low yield cigarettes are given. Low yield, light, and ultra light cigarettes have been aggressively promoted by cigarette manufacturers to help keep health-conscious smokers smoking. The impressions created by advertising and marketing safer cigarettes needs to be met with systematic countermarketing. These campaigns and messages need to be informed by an understanding of the product. Smoking machine estimates of cigarette yields have been used to estimate the effects of vent blocking on smoke exposure. Vent blocking is most easily done with the lips, although fingers can also be used to cover about half the vents at one time. The stain pattern designated yes on the vent-blocking scale represents the pattern a smoker would expect to see if the filter vents were not blocked. The specific design changes could be accompanied by explicit written warnings on cigarette packages or package inserts instructing smokers how smoke exposures are influenced by smoking behavior.

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