Use of biological markers in occupational health research and practice

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Abstract
The promise of biological markers in occupational health research and practice has been described in the scientific literature. The current generation of biological markers has the potential to allow for the earlier detection of disease, for the reduction of misclassification of exposure and outcome, for heightened understanding of mechanisms and etiologic pathways, and for the designation of groups at risk. What is necessary now is a strategy for realizing this potential. The elements of such as a strategy may include the following: (1) a program to validate biomarkers, (2) increased utilization of valid biomarkers in etiologic and prevention research, and (3) developmental programs to encourage interdisciplinary collaboration and train molecular epidemiologists. A framework for linking biomarkers and epidemiologic study designs has evolved during the past 5 yr. For this progress to continue, it is important that discussion about biomarkers reflect a specificity with regard to both the type of marker and the use for which it is intended.