Major Groove Recognition of DNA by Carbohydrates

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Abstract
Because of the number of distinguishable interactions within the DNA major groove, there is considerable interest in discovering the governing factors involved in DNA recognition. Carbohydrates represent a class of DNAinteractive agents capable of binding the major groove due to their size and intricate distribution of hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions within their molecular structure. To date a limited number of carbohydrates have been found to interact within the DNA major groove; the majority have been shown to bind within the minor groove. Representative carbohydrates that bind within the major groove include neocarzinostatin, nogalamycin, and a few aminoglycoside (neomycin) conjugates developed in our labs. An overview of the various DNA groove-binding carbohydrates is presented, with particular emphasis on novel aminoglycoside-based approaches in probing the molecular environment and requirements therein associated with the DNA major groove.

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