Medical Management of Patients With Angina

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Abstract
WILLIAM Heberden first described angina pectoris as a distinct clinical entity in the latter half of the 18th century. However, not until the second half of the 19th century was the association between anginal episodes and the events that raised blood pressure recognized by Brunton, who also experimented with amyl nitrate to lower blood pressure for the relief of angina pectoris. Although amyl nitrate produced transient relief, it did not gain popularity because of the difficulty in proper usage. In 1879, when nitroglycerin was introduced, effective and prompt relief of anginal episodes became possible. Since then, a number of other vasodilators, β-adrenergic blocking agents, and, more recently, calcium entry blocking agents have been introduced for the treatment of angina pectoris. Furthermore, reperfusion of the potentially ischemic myocardium either by revascularization surgery or by coronary artery angioplasty have been proved to be useful and effective therapeutic modalities for the treatment of

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