Denning Ecology and Movements of Coyotes in Maine during Pup Rearing

Abstract
Den attendance, movements, and home range of eight adult coyotes (Canis latrans) attending pups were investigated during 1981–1983 in eastern Maine. Coyote families used several dens during pup rearing, and dens were frequently relocated following human disturbance. Six den entrances were oriented 120–236° from north. Two coyote families abandoned dens when pups were 8–10 weeks of age. Males and females shared in the duties of pup raising, and both frequently attended pups. Movement rates and home ranges of adult coyotes increased from the nursing to weaning periods, but movements and home ranges of adults were greatest after pups became independent. Movements suggested that males centered their activities near den sites during the nursing period to supply food for mates and protection for pups. Females were more restricted than males during pup rearing because of nursing responsibilities.

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