Dendritic cells generated from blood precursors of chronic myelogenous leukemia patients carry the philadelphia translocation and can induce a CML-specific primary cytotoxic T-cell response

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Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen‐presenting cells specialized in the initiation of primary immune responses. We were interested to know whether mature DC can be grown in vitro from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), and whether they carry the Philadelphia (Ph) translocation. Using a method recently described, DC were generated from PBMC precursors of 12 patients with CML using GM‐CSF, IL‐4, and monocyte‐conditioned medium. DC exhibited the typical morphology with thin cytoplasmatic processes and expressed high levels of MHC class II, CD86, and CD83 typical for mature DC. After sorting with the monoclonal antibody CD83, a cell population of more than 95% CD83 positive cells was obtained. The presence of the Ph translocation was analyzed in these cells, in PBMC, lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL), and in phytohemagglutinin (PHA)‐induced T blasts from the same patients by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). In contrast to all other cells analyzed, the vast majority of DC (95.9 ± 0.7%) displayed the Ph translocation, irrespective of disease stage or therapy. PBMC were predominantly positive for the Ph chromosome (67.6 ± 7.3%), whereas only 11.4 ± 1% of the B cells and 4.4 ± 1.1% of the PHA blasts carried the Ph translocation. Using such leukemic DC as antigen‐presenting cells, a primary CML‐directed cytotoxic immune response in vitro was obtained, as shown by the specific recognition of Ph chromosome positive cells. We conclude that DC can be generated from blood progenitors of CML patients in vitro and exhibit, to a large extent, the Ph translocation. Such DC, which in a preliminary experiment have been able to induce a primary CML‐directed cytotoxic immune response in vitro, might be ideal candidates for adoptive immunotherapy either by direct transfer of DC for in vivo generation of a T‐cell response or by in vitro generation of CML‐specific cytotoxic autologous or HLA‐matched normal T‐cell clones for use in vivo. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 20:215–223, 1997.