Incidence and Development ofVerticicladiella procerain Virginia Christmas Tree Plantations

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Abstract
The rates of incidence (r) of V. procera in 2 Christmas tree plantations [planted to eastern white (Pinus strobus L.)and Scots pines (P. sylvestris L.), with a few hectares planted to several spruce, fir, and other pine species] in Virginia were 0.17 and 0.049 Feb.-April 1980. During the summer, fall and winter, r values decreased to near zero. By spring of 1981, r values were only 0.008 and 0.02 for the 2 plantations. Populations of V. procera in the soil declined form Aug. to Oct. The fungus was present in low numbers in the soil from Oct. 1980 to June 1981. Many eastern white pines infected with V. procera were also infested with bark beetles. The fungus was isolated from 7% of bark beetles collected from 6 trees. Fifty disease eastern white pines were cut in Oct. 1980 and the stumps were excavated in April 1981. V. procera was isolated from 45% of the stumps, indicating that the fungus can overwinter in infected tree stumps. Mortality during this study averaged 26% in the 2 plantations.

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