Circadian Variations in Clock Gene Expression of Human Bone Marrow CD34+ Cells

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Abstract
Time-dependent variations in clock gene expression have recently been observed in mouse hematopoietic cells, but the activity of these genes in human bone marrow (BM) has so far not been investigated. Since such data can be of considerable clinical interest for monitoring the dynamics in stem/progenitor cells, the authors have studied mRNA expression of the clock genes h Per1 , h Per2, h Cry1, h Cry2, h Bmal1, h Rev-erb α, and h Clock in human hematopoietic CD34-positive (CD34 +) cells. CD34+ cells were isolated from the BM samples obtained from 10 healthy men at 6 times over 24 h. In addition, clock gene mRNA expression was analyzed in the whole BM in 3 subjects. Rhythms in serum cortisol, growth hormone, testosterone, and leukocyte counts documented that subjects exhibited standardized circadian patterns. All 7 clock genes were expressed both in CD34+ cells and the whole BM, with some differences in magnitude between the 2 cell populations . A clear circadian rhythm was shown for h Per1, h Per2, and h Cry2 expression in CD34+ cells and for h Per1 in the whole BM, with maxima from early morning to midday. Similar to mouse hematopoietic cells, h Bmal1 was not oscillating rhythmically. The study demonstrates that clock gene expression in human BM stem/progenitor cells may be developmentally regulated, with strong or weaker circadian profiles as compared to those reported in other mature tissues.