Dehydration and muscular work.

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Abstract
Nine men walked to exhaustion at 3.5 mph on an inclined treadmill in a room at 46 C dry bulb and 23 C web bulb, before and after 6 hr of sweating at rest. On days with and without restriction on water intake, respectively, the dehydration was 4.3 and 1.9% of the body weight; the walking time was reduced by 48 and 22%; and maximal O2 intake was reduced by 27 and 10%. Subjective end points were validated by the attainment of nearly the same heart rates before and after dehydration. At comparable times in the walks there was no significant change in O2 intake or respiratory exchange ratio associated with dehydration. Reduction in walking time was better correlated with increase in rectal temperature (0.84), decrease in fraction of CO2 in expired air during work (0.82), and increase in heart rate in standing before work (0.82), than with dehydration (0.63). Impairment of performance was attributed to circulatory inadequacy elsewhere than in the working muscles.

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