Relationships between ground reaction force patterns and kinematics in the walking and trotting horse

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Abstract
Summary: Simultaneous recordings were made of retardatory‐propulsory horizontal (Fy) and vertical (Fz) ground reaction forces (GRF), and kinematics of the fetlock joint and the hoof‐sole with respect to the ground of the right forelimbs and hind limbs of 4 Dutch Warmbloods, at the walk and the trot. The impact oscillation visible in Fy and Fz is the same at the walk and trot, and differs between fore‐ and hind limbs. The angulation pattern of the fetlock joint does not follow the faster oscillations visible in the GRF. The change in the course of Fy and Fz in the final stage of ground contact is caused by onset of heel lift‐off.