Cholinergic-Dependent Plateau Potential in Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Neurons

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Abstract
Cholinergic stimulation of the hippocampal formation results in excitation and/or seizure. We report here, using whole-cell patch-clamp techniques in the hippocampal slice (34–35°C), a cholinergic-dependent slow afterdepolarization (sADP) and long-lasting plateau potential (PP). In the presence of 20 μmcarbachol, action potential firing evoked by weak intracellular current injection elicited an sADP that lasted several seconds. Increased spike firing evoked by stronger depolarizing stimuli resulted in long-duration PPs maintained close to −20 mV. Removal of either Na+or Ca2+from the external media, intracellular Ca2+([Ca2+]i) chelation with 10 mmbis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetra-acetic acid, or the addition of 100 μmCd2+to the perfusate abolished both the sADP and PP. The sADP was depressed and the PP was abolished by either 10 μmnimodipine or 1 μmω-conotoxin, whereas 1.2 μmtetrodotoxin was ineffective. The involvement of a Na+/Ca2+exchanger was minimal because both the sADP and PP persisted after equimolar substitution of 50 mmLi+for Na+in the external media or reduction of the bath temperature to 25°C. Finally, in the absence of carbachol the sADP and PP could not be evoked when K+channels were suppressed, suggesting that depression of K+conductances alone was not sufficient to unmask the conductance. Based on these data, we propose that a Ca2+-activated nonselective cation conductance was directly enhanced by muscarinic stimulation. The sADP, therefore, represents activation of this conductance by residual [Ca2+]i, whereas the PP represents a novel regenerative event involving the interplay between high-voltage-activated Ca2+channels and the Ca2+-activated nonselective cation conductance. This latter mechanism may contribute significantly to ictal depolarizations observed during cholinergic-induced seizures.