Nuclear fission

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Abstract
The experimental evidence supporting the double-humped character of the fission barrier in actinide nuclei is reviewed and compared to theoretical predictions. The discussion covers the existence and half-life systematics of spontaneously fissioning isomers, shape-isomeric gamma decay, rotational transitions and the moment of inertia of isomers, fragment angular distributions in isomeric fission, intermediate structure in fission cross sections, and finally the systematics of barrier heights as deduced from fission probability measurements. The implications of a possible octupole deformation at the second barrier for fragment mass distributions are also discussed, including the size of the mass asymmetry and recent experiments on the competition between symmetric and asymmetric fission as a function of excitation energy.