Invasion and Establishment of House Fly, Musca Domestica (Diptera: Muscidae), Parasites (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in New Caged-Layer Poultry Houses1

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Abstract
Muscidifurax raptor, Spalangia undescribed sp. near drosophilae, S. cameroni, Pachycrepoideus vindemiae and Nasonia vitripennis invaded manure at new caged-layer poultry houses near Raleigh, North Carolina within 8 weeks after the chickens were placed in the houses. After these houses were in operation for 16 weeks. Spatangia endius and S. nigroaenea were also recovered. Spatangia nigra was the only parasite species new to the collections at these houses during the 2nd year of operation (1978). During the 2-year stLJdy, M. raptor, P. vindemiae and S. cameroni ranked 1st, 2nd and 3rd, respectively, in relative abun, dance of all parasites collected. M. raptor and P. vindemiae were abundam from June through November. S. cameroni was prevalent in late summer and fall, while the other Spalangia species and N. vitripennis were most abundant during the summer. Weekly sustained releases of a Florida strain of S. endius did not increase house fly pupal parasitism at these poultry houses; only 3 specimens of S. endius were recovered during 3 months (August-October) of releases of 18,000 parasites per week.

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