The development of electron avalanches in argon at high E/N values. I. Monte Carlo simulation

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Abstract
The behaviour of electron avalanches in argon when appreciable electron impact ionization occurs, is studied by a Monte Carlo simulation. The values of electron swarm parameters are obtained for steady-state Townsend, pulsed Townsend and time-of-flight experiments, by applying sampling techniques appropriate to the respective experiments. The results suggest that the value of an electron swarm parameter, such as the ionization frequency or the electron drift velocity, depends on the type of experiments for which there is appreciable electron impact ionization. The properties of electron avalanches in an electron energy non-equilibrium region, for example the variation of the electron energy distribution with distance from the cathode, and the effect of anisotropic scattering of electrons on the swarm parameters very close to the anode, are also studied.