Changes in Knowledge Representations of Computer Systems with Experience

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Abstract
This study examined the changes in the knowledge representations of text-editing commands as experience increases. Novices appear to organize the commands by their definitions, whereas experts use both command definitions and command sequence configurations to organize the commands. Thus, it appears that declarative knowledge is the first type of knowledge to be acquired in learning text-editing commands. At a more general level, experts and novices both organized their commands along three general dimensions, but the third dimension was different for the two groups. The results of this study, in conjunction with previous computer system studies, suggests an incremental model of the acquisition of computer-related knowledge in which there are changes in both the content and the representation of the knowledge.

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