Expression of estrogen receptors in estrogen receptor-negative human breast carcinoma cells: Modulation of epidermal growth factor-receptor (EGF-R) and transforming growth factor α (TGFα) gene expression

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Abstract
A number of studies suggest that an inverse correlation exists between the epidermal growth factor–receptor and the estrogen receptor expression in primary human breast carcinoma as well as in established human breast carcinoma cell lines. Recent studies suggest that the epidermal growth factor–receptor does not regulate the estrogen receptor gene expression. Whether the estrogen receptor regulates the epidermal growth factor–receptor gene expression is not known. We addressed this question by stably transfecting the estrogen receptor cDNA into the estrogen receptor–negative human breast carcinoma cell line MDA‐MB‐231. Constitutive expression of functional estrogen receptors in the transfactants resulted in increased mRNA levels of both epidermal growth factor–receptor and transforming growth factor α. Estradiol treatment of transfected cells, although enhancing transforming growth factor α mRNA levels, did not modulate epidermal growth factor–receptor mRNA levels. The estrogen receptor–transfected cells grown in estrogenic regular medium, however, exhibited lower constitutive levels of epidermal growth factor–receptor mRNA than in steroid‐stripped medium, suggesting that estrogens coupled with some factors normally present in the regular medium may indeed downmodulate epidermal growth factor–receptor mRNA. Sodium butyrate treatment enhanced epidermal growth factor–receptor mRNA levels in nontransfected cells grown in regular estrogenic as well as in steroid stripped medium. Sodium butyrate enhancement of epidermal growth factor–receptor mRNA levels was completely abolished in estrogen receptor–transfected cells grown in regular estrogenic medium and blunted in steroid stripped medium. Using various epidermal growth factor–receptor gene promoter‐CAT constructs in transient transfection assays, we further demonstrate that sodium butyrate enhanced transcription of the epidermal growth factor–receptor gene. The putative sodium butyrate responsive element(s) appears to localize within the proximal 384 bp of the epidermal growth factor–receptor gene promoter region. Although the interactions between estrogen receptor and epidermal growth factor–receptor are rather complex, taken together, our data suggest that estrogen receptor can indeed modulate the epidermal growth factor–receptor mRNA expression.

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