Cell cycle regulation of the endogenous wild type Bloom's syndrome DNA helicase

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Abstract
Bloom's syndrome (BS) is a rare human autosomal recessive disorder characterized by an increased risk to develop cancer of all types. BS cells are characterized by a generalized genetic instability including a high level of sister chromatid exchanges. BS arises through mutations in both alleles of the BLM gene which encodes a 3′–5′ DNA helicase identified as a member of the RecQ family. We developed polyclonal antibodies specific for the NH2- and COOH-terminal region of BLM. Using these antibodies, we analysed BLM expression during the cell cycle and showed that the BLM protein accumulates to high levels in S phase, persists in G2/M and sharply declines in G1, strongly suggestive of degradation during mitosis. The BLM protein is subject to post-translational modifications in mitosis, as revealed by slow migrating forms of BLM found in both demecolcine-treated cells and in mitotic cells isolated from non-treated asynchronous populations. Phosphatase treatment indicated that phosphorylation events were solely responsible for the appearance of the retarded moieties, a possible signal for subsequent degradation. Together, these results are consistent with a role of BLM in a replicative (S phase) and/or post-replicative (G2 phase) process.