Reproductive Cycles in Two Species of Rattlesnakes

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Abstract
The reproductive cycles of the Eastern massassauga (Sistrurus catenatus catenatus) and timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus horridus) are described. The massassauga had 11.1 young/female, generally had their 1st young when 3 yr old, and apparently reproduce annually. The timber rattlesnake had 7.7 young/female, generally had their 1st young when 4 yr old, and reproduce biennially. Summer development of follicles is described in the biennial cycle and mating from Aug.-May is suggested corresponding with rapidly developing follicles. A longer growing season appears to allow the massassauga to mature at an earlier age and reproduce annually; however, it is not clear if innate reproductive cycle differences may exist between the 2 genera of rattlesnakes.

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