MICROINJECTION OF TOAD SPERM INTO OOCYTES UNDERGOING MATURATION DIVISION*

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Abstract
Spermatozoa of Bufo bufo japonicus were briefly treated with Triton X-100 to remove their plasma membrane, and were injected into oocytes at various stages of maturation division. All the sperm injected into mature coelomic eggs transformed into pronuclei and synthesized DNA, as a normally fertilizing sperm does. The sperm injected into oocytes at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage did not show any change as long as the GV remained intact. In the oocytes which were induced to mature by progesterone, the injected sperm displayed characteristic features in synchrony with those of the resident female nucleus. These included the formation of several sperm-derived chromosomes in association with multipolar spindles in the oocytes from the stage of the germinal vesicle breakdown to the 1st polar spindle; the appearance of swollen, vesicular nuclei without concomitant DNA synthesis in those at the stage of the 1st polar body emission; and the reappearance of the condensed chromosomes with giant spindles in those at the stage of the 2nd meiotic metaphase. Pricking of these last oocytes induced the formation of several male pronuclei and DNA synthesis. The injection of detergent-treated sperm provided an excellent means of studying the cytoplasmic state that regulates nuclear behavior.